Even with thousands dead and entire neighbourhoods levelled, the ruling military junta in Myanmar maintains its long-term ban on international journalists entering the country.
It cited a lack of guaranteed safety that could be provided to foreign media to report on the aftermath of the catastrophic earthquake that rocked the southeast Asian nation on Friday.
That may also be because it is still pursuing its campaign against rebel forces amid the destruction.
So open-source information from satellite imagery and social media is a vital tool. The picture is incomplete, but gives some sense of the true scale of damage from the quake.
Mandalay, Myanmar’s second city and just 20km from the epicentre, was hit especially hard. The largest monastery in the city had boasted a clock tower, now completely flattened.
Sky’s Data & Forensics Unit has analysed the destruction based on a combination of videos like these and satellite imagery.
That is not a comprehensive picture of the destruction. For many areas, we don’t yet have satellite imagery available – for example the city of Sagaing. But we have verified videos posted to social media which give some idea of the situation there: buildings toppled, flattened pagodas and even a collapsed bridge.
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The country’s military rulers issued a rare call for help after the disaster. Their allies – Russia, India and China – were some of the first to heed the call.
On Saturday, a Russian plane registered to the Ministry for Emergency Situations (EMERCOM) arrived in Mawlamyine, southern Myanmar, from Moscow.
EMERCOM said it had also flown 120 rescuers and supplies to Yangon, in the south of the country.
In Mandalay, Russian and Chinese emergency workers have collaborated in efforts to rescue civilians trapped under rubble, according to a post on the official Telegram channel for EMERCOM.
China said it sent more than 135 rescue personnel and pledged about $13.8m (£10.7m) in emergency aid. Chinese President Xi Jinping extended his condolences to the military junta leader Min Aung Hlaing.
Other countries have pledged money too including the US, the EU and the UK.
But many are worried if aid will be distributed fairly.
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“Throughout history, the military uses denial of aid access as a counter-insurgency tactic,” said Morgan Michaels, research fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). “So there is warranted concern that in this current crisis, the military could block aid to affected areas.”
Some 265 groups in Myanmar have signed a statement calling for aid to be directed to civil society, the National Unity Government, and ethnic resistance organisations, rather than the junta.
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Khin Ohmar, spokesperson for the signatories to the statement, is concerned about aid not reaching areas like Sagaing, which was at the epicentre of the earthquake.
She told Sky News: “International rescue aid is not reaching people that need to be saved, and the junta keep bombing areas, including Sagaing, where people were most severely impacted.”
With an ongoing civil war and poor infrastructure, Myanmar was already one of the most challenging places in the world for aid organisations to operate.
Some of the heaviest fighting has concentrated in the areas hit hardest by the earthquake, including Sagaing and Mandalay.
Rebel groups in Myanmar that oppose the junta have called for a two-week pause in fighting to help with aid deliveries and rescue efforts, saying they would only take defensive action.
But these calls have not stopped the violence.
“There were about 11 or so airstrikes [on Sunday],” Mr Michaels told Sky News. “One of these airstrikes happened in Nancho, which is in Shahn State.
“We already know that is the site of a major ongoing battle. So that looks more or less like a continuation of fighting with either side using the tools that they’ve been using all along.”
The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open-source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.
